The word anarchy usually refer to the act of violence. It usually gives the picture of world in state of chaos, while actually anarchy is a concept where there is no authority, no government, no laws, no state and no political authority. In anarchy the belief of the absence of government usually lead the acknowledgement of state failure. In term to live in this world State was seen to be nothing but idealistic view where people are stated to overcome the surrounding society which they never be able to overcome. Though anarchy point of view work as the foundation for realist, liberal, neorealist, and neoliberal in the International relation paradigms. Then as a part of study Anarchical system paly crucial role in understanding point of view in world politics.
Anarchism is the
abolition of government through violent if necessary and the adoption of society
that is based on voluntary cooperation. Though using violence the main nature
of Anarchism is to achieve freedom. When talking about freedom, it means there
is no superiority that limited the action and suppress others. Mikhail Bakunin,
German philosopher, argued that the privileged of man is a man depraved in intellect
and heart. He picture that the state at some point will enslave people. The
natural laws or the nature law can consciously obey the law where every
individual would know them to be true. But as soon as an external authority
such as state implement laws then the natural law was ignore and people are no
longer free. So in the end all authority must be rejected where it would lead
us to the freedom.
In term of world
politics where there is a state, the concept of anarchical begin to shape. The
people in the state would feel more uneasy to attain their own self. Where
state sees that there are no real rules and superior authority in the world self-survival
become the most crucial part in anarchy in the world. To attain certain freedom
there have to be no other power that rule another. Therefore the act by any
means necessary was implemented. The tendency of a state to pull and build more
power to their self would begin. The rise of military power and economy power
in world politics was meant to be a self-defend method and for securing their
own self from another actors or states. All of these conditions create what
people called anarchical system.
There are three major factor in how anarchical
system works, which are Insecure-Survival, self-help, and trust difficult.
Starting to the first aspect which is the insecure that lead to survival put
the biggest impact in forming state action in global politics. For example
after World War II the winner of the war which some of them are United States
and Uni soviet emerged as the ones who hold great power in the world politics.
Then one of them began to think the possibility of the other state might get
stronger and become a treat to themselves. This trigger a state to gather more
power to defend their self. This lead to the second aspect which is self-help.
In this condition as for the example United State began to grow their military
power by making weapons and nuclear. Without relying to the other state United
States indirectly securing his own position. Where in this case United States believes
in no other states and only help himself with thinking that US would prepare
for the unexpected war to come. The last factor which is trust difficult makes
Uni soviet seen the action as a threat where living under one power is not an
option in anarchical system. Then Uni Soviet country began to catch up with US
for its own survival and create what people call proxy war. Meanwhile the other
countries who are developing countries gather up to an alliance or non-block
states to gain equal power as they fear the superior power states.
All these cause and
effect condition shows the nature of each states in proving the anarchical
system. Each states consciously using their instinct to predict some outcome of
war happening and act in response. Where all methods are necessary the point of
view of realism are formed, cooperativeness in each country to find security or
we know as liberalism, and more. Anarchical system were also become the base of
the act of revolution in term to gain their freedom and reject the existence of
supreme authority in the world.
